What is the primary function of a toner in skincare?

The primary function of a toner in skincare is to balance the pH of the skin after cleansing. When you wash your face, the natural pH of your skin can be disrupted, especially if you're using a cleanser that is alkaline. A toner helps to restore the skin's natural acidity, typically in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. This balance is essential because it supports the skin's barrier function, promotes healthy skin flora, and can enhance the effectiveness of other skincare products applied afterwards.

While some toners may offer additional benefits like hydration or soothing ingredients, their fundamental role lies in re-establishing pH balance post-cleansing, making the skin more receptive to serums and moisturizers that follow.